Side-by-side high-quality clinical photos (ensure consent and dignity).
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and persistent diarrheal diseases increase the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and accelerate protein catabolism.
Metabolic: Hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and electrolyte imbalances. Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt
PEM is a form of malnutrition characterized by a lack of sufficient protein and energy in the diet. It's a major public health problem in many developing countries, where access to nutritious food is limited. PEM can lead to stunted growth, weakened immune systems, and even death.
Poor sanitation, lack of education, and food insecurity [Source: Vedantu]. 4. Clinical Features and Symptoms PEM affects almost every organ system in the body: Growth Failure: Stunted growth and low weight for age. PEM is a form of malnutrition characterized by
Encouraging early and exclusive breastfeeding. Food Security: Improving access to balanced diets.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | WHO 10-STEP PROTOCOL TIMELINE | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | STEP | STABILIZATION | REHABILITATION | | | Days 1 - 2 | Weeks 2 - 6 | +----------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------+ | 1. Treat/Prevent Hypoglycemia | ========> | | | 2. Treat/Prevent Hypothermia | ================> | | 3. Treat/Prevent Dehydration | ========> | | | 4. Correct Electrolyte Imbalance | =================================> | | 5. Treat/Prevent Infection | =================================> | | 6. Correct Micronutrient Deficiencies | =================================> | | 7. Start Cautious Feeding (F-75) | ==============> | | 8. Achieve Catch-up Growth (F-100/RUTF)| | =================> | | 9. Provide Sensory Stimulation | =================================> | | 10. Prepare for Follow-up | | ========> | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Phase 1: Stabilization (Days 1 to 7) 1. Treat or Prevent Hypoglycemia Poor sanitation, lack of education, and food insecurity
Prominent ribs and loose, sagging skin folds (especially on the buttocks and thighs). The child is usually alert but highly irritable and hungry. is present. 2. Kwashiorkor (Protein Deficiency)
: It is not just a lack of protein; it is often a total energy deficit. 2. The Two Faces of PEM: Kwashiorkor vs. Marasmus
This article provides a comprehensive overview designed for educational purposes, suitable for creating a . 1. Introduction to PEM (PPT Slide 1-2)
Standard IV fluids can easily overload a malnourished heart. Rehydration should be slow and oral wherever possible, using a specialized solution called (Rehydration Solution for Malnutrition), which contains less sodium and more potassium than standard ORS. Dietary Management (F-75 and F-100)